Abstract: This paper proposes an SEI method based on cost-sensitive learning and semisupervised generative adversarial networks to address the problem of incomplete sample labels and imbalanced data category distribution in Specific Emitter Identification (SEI), which leads to a decline in inaccuracy. Through semisupervised training, the method optimizes the network parameters of the generator and discriminator, adds a multiscale topological block to ResNet to fuse the multi-dimensional resolution features of the time-domain signal, and attributes additional labels to the generated samples to directly use the discriminator to complete the classification. Simultaneously, a cost-sensitive loss is designed to alleviate the imbalance of gradient propagation caused by the dominant samples and improve the recognition performance of the classifier on the class-imbalanced dataset. The experimental results on four types of imbalanced datasets show that in the presence of 40% unlabeled samples, the average recognition accuracy for five emitters is improved by 5.34% and 2.69%, respectively, compared with the cross-entropy loss and focus loss. This provides a new idea for solving the problem of SEI under the conditions of insufficient data labels and an unbalanced distribution of data.